Priority Queue

The PriorityQueue type provides a basic priority queue implementation allowing for arbitrary key and priority types. Multiple identical keys are not permitted, but the priority of existing keys can be changed efficiently.

Usage:

PriorityQueue{K, V}()     # construct a new priority queue with keys of type K and priorities of type V (forward ordering by default)
PriorityQueue{K, V}(ord)  # construct a new priority queue with the given types and ordering ord (Base.Order.Forward or Base.Order.Reverse)
enqueue!(pq, k, v)        # insert the key k into pq with priority v
enqueue!(pq, k=>v)        # (same, using Pairs)
dequeue!(pq)              # remove and return the lowest priority key
peek(pq)                  # return the lowest priority key without removing it
delete!(pq, k)            # delete the mapping for the given key in a priority queue, and return the priority queue.

PriorityQueue also behaves similarly to a Dict in that keys can be inserted and priorities accessed or changed using indexing notation.

Examples:

julia> # Julia code
       pq = PriorityQueue();

julia> # Insert keys with associated priorities
       pq["a"] = 10; pq["b"] = 5; pq["c"] = 15; pq
DataStructures.PriorityQueue{Any,Any,Base.Order.ForwardOrdering} with 3 entries:
  "c" => 15
  "b" => 5
  "a" => 10

julia> # Change the priority of an existing key
       pq["a"] = 0; pq
DataStructures.PriorityQueue{Any,Any,Base.Order.ForwardOrdering} with 3 entries:
  "c" => 15
  "b" => 5
  "a" => 0